Research publications

Integration of Circular Economy Approaches into a Major Infrastructure Project Case Study

M1 SmogStop® Air Quality Barrier Trial Final Report

Microplastics and Contaminants of Concern in the Strategic Road Network

• Appendix A: Quantifying tyre wear particles and other microplastics from the Strategic Road Network
• Appendix B: Initial assessment to identify future contaminants of concern

Environmentally Optimal Tyres and Brakes

Clutter study report

HelmUK final report

Geotechnical Asset Performance: Deterioration Modelling for Decision Support

CEDR - Intelligent Transport Systems for Safe, Green and Efficient Traffic on the European Road Network

Microplastics phase 2 - literature review supplement

Filtering protocol for innovative paving materials, including waste derived materials

Guide to designing for motorcyclists

Photobiological effects from lighting in tunnels

Tool to assess air quality impacts of elevated roads within the Strategic Road Network

Wrong Way Driving: mitigation toolkit

SPaTs statistical pass-by measurements

Comprehensive review of asphalt recycling with a view to increasing recycled content in the medium-term:

• Subtask 1 – establishing the current situation
• Subtask 3 – technical demonstration of solutions – thin surface recourse recycling

Investigation of 'microplastics' from brake and tyre wear in road runoff

Perceptions of compliance and enforcement on the Strategic Road Network - Focus groups and interviews

Perceptions of safety - final report

Air Quality Trial – one way traffic flow A35 Chideock

Light vehicle motorway nitrogen oxide exhaust emissions - A review of Highways motorway speed banding methodology

UK CITE Communications Infrastructure Evaluation Report

• Air Quality Barrier Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Modelling
• Air Quality Barrier Report – Preliminary Feasibility Study
• Air Quality Feasibility Study – Green Infrastructure – A5036 Port of Liverpool Access Scheme
• Air Quality Pilot Study – Mineral Polymer Barrier – Summary
• Collaborative research project-replacement of rolling straight edge and reduction of rolling tolerances
  • Sub Task 1.1 – Next Generation Asphalts Surfacings – Road Trials (Phase II)
  • Sub Task 1.2 – Inspection Panel Report
  • Sub Task 2 – Evaluation Modification of QA Test Methods
• Driving Change – Applying Behavioural Insights to Improve Air Quality on the UK’s Strategic Road Network – Report 1 of 2
• Driving Change – Applying Behavioural Insights to Improve Air Quality on the UK’s Strategic Road Network – Report 2 of 2
• Eco-driving test results
• Incident Timeline Mapping Phase 1

• A Human Centric approach to capturing project memories for Lean Improvement
• A2 M2 Connected Corridor Infrastructure Feasibility Study Project 1
• A2 M2 Connected Corridor Data and Services Feasibility study Project 3
• Air Quality Geographic Pilot Study – A38 Derby – Executive Summary
• Air Quality Geographic Pilot Study – A38 Derby – Final Report
• Air Quality Geographic Pilot Study – Birmingham M6_M6 Toll
• Air Quality Geographic Pilot Study – M1 Tinsley – Non-Technical Summary
• Air Quality Geographic Pilot Study – M1 Tinsley – Final Report
• Air Quality Geographic Pilot Study – M60 Manchester – Summary
• Air Quality Geographical Pilot Study – Manchester M60 – Final Report
• An intervention framework for safer Driver Behaviour on the SRN
• An Intervention Framework for Safer Driver Behaviour on the SRN
• Application of Remote Survey Data for Geotechnical Asset Condition and peformance
• Application of remote survey data for geotechnical asset condition and performance
• Better understanding of the surface tyre interface
• Building on 2014 Fatality Research undertaken in 2015/16 developing the knowledge bank to include next 3 years data
  • HE Towards Zero – Fatality Research Report
  • Towards Zero – 2014 to 2016 fatal collisions
• Collaborative research into new asphalt surfacing: Road trials
  • Sub-Task 1 Premium Asphalt Surfacing System Road Trial
  • Sub-Task 2.1 Premium Asphalt Surfacing System Road Trial
  • Sub-Task 2.2 RFID Tags installed in Highways Trials
  • Sub-Task 3 – Noise Evaluation
  • Sub-Task 4 – Best Practice and Specification for Joint Construction
  • Sub-Task 5 Best Practice for Recycling Asphalt Pavements
• Data Fusion Reporting
• Delivering Demand and Utilisation
• Develop Intelligence Capabilities – Customer Insight & Social Demographics utilising MAST (Mosaic Public Sector)
  • Commuters involved in collisions on the Strategic Road Network
  • Young drivers involved in collisions on the Strategic Road Network
  • Towing Drivers involved in collisions on the Strategic Road Network
  • Towards Zero Study on fatal collisions on the SRN during 2014
  • Small goods vehicle drivers involved in collisions on the strategic road network
  • Senior drivers involved in collisions on the Strategic Road Network
  • Pedestrians and Pedal Cyclists on the Strategic Road Network
  • Motorcyclists on the Strategic Road Network
  • HGV and bus drivers involved in collisions on the Strategic Road Network
• Dynamic Speed Limits – Air Quality Analysis Summary
• Dynamic Speed Limits – Peer review of Air Quality Analysis
• Electric Van Demonstrator Project – Final Report
• Evaluation of Scheme Forecasting Phase 2
• Experiments investigating the effect of fog and the transition between lit and unlit sections of road
• Expressways customer insight and engagement
• Fatigue and road works – Driving simulator study
• Handover of Geotechnical As-Built Data
• Highways England Electric van demostrator Project
• Innovation in High Speed Friction Measurement – 1st
• Algorithm Improvement – 2nd
• Geometric Research – Corner Radius Horizontal Alignment and Loop Selection
• Geotechnical hazard knowledge
• Geotechnical resilience enhancement measures
• Impairment to peripheral detection when driving
• Implementation of risk-based portfolio planning
• Improved Determination of Pollutants in Highway Runoff Phase 2
• Improved use of information in Geotechics – Pt 2
• Improved use of Information in Geotechnics – Pt 1
• Improving Durability TSCS – Measuring Asphalt Density
• Improving Vulnerable User Design Tools
• Innovative Geotechnical Repair Techniques
  • Innovative Geotechnical Repair Techniques – Comparative LCA
  • Innovative Geotechnical Repair Techniques-Effectiveness of EKG
  • Innovative Geotechnical Repair Techniques-Effectiveness of FRS
  • Innovative Geotechnical Repair Techniques-Effectiveness of Willow Poles
  • Innovative Geotechnical Repair Techniques-Future Trials
• In-service performance of EME2
• Motorway Fuel Price Trial
• Maintenanace Assistance Vehicles- Functional design specification
• National warning letter service
• Paraffinic Fuels Emission Testing – Final Report
• Production and delivery of Guidance on Sustainable Drainage Systems
  • Highways England – Introduction to Drainage and Water Awareness and Training
  • Sustainable Drainage Systems – Innovation Literature Review
• Review of Geotechnical asset data
• Review of Impact of Road Lighting
  • effect of fog on detection of driving
  • Impairment to peripheral detection when driving
  • transition between lit and unlit sections of road and detection of driving hazards after dark
• Review of recent research and operational experience in the use of brine and other liquid de-icers
• Road surface properties and high speed friction-The effect of permeability
• Self-healing asphalt using embedded capsules.pdf Functions
• Spectroscopic Analysis of Roads at Traffic Speed.pdf Functions
• Stationary Vehicle Detection System (SVD) Monitoring
• Strategic road network simulation sprint
• Strengthened Earthworks
• Support goods vehicle incident prevention
  • Support Goods Vehicle Incident Prevention – Diesel Spillages
  • Support Goods Vehicle Incident Prevention – Diesel Spillages (DS2)
  • Support Goods Vehicle Incident Prevention – Drivers’ Hours
  • Support Goods Vehicle Incident Prevention – Tyre Management
  • HGV Incident Prevention Project – Interim Diesel spills report
  • HGV Incident Prevention Project – Interim Drivers’ Hours report
  • HGV Incident Prevention Project – Interim Tyres Report
• Surface treatment options for concrete Roads
• TD 41 & TD 42 Safety Research
• The Determination of VMS Display Requirements for Expressways
• Use of VSS to replace ground signs Stage 2

• Air Quality Dynamic Control and Junction Management Pilot Study Technical Report
• Air Quality State Aid – HGV Incentivisation Scheme
• Assessment Procedure for ‘Innovative’ techniques and materials
• Canopy Research and Development Report
• Circular Economy – Approach and Routemap
• Geotechnical considerations and techniques for widening highway earthworks
• Guide to Road Safety Route Treatments
• Lean Collaborative Research with Academia 2015-16 – Final Reports:
  • Highways England Earthworks Overview Document
  • Increasing Efficiency of Earthmoving and Pavement Processes at Highways England
  • Optimising Handover Overview Document
  • Optimising Handover of As-Built Data from Highways England Major Schemes to Maintenance Service Providers
  • Advancing the Implementation of Lean in Highways Overview Document
  • Advancing the Implementation of Lean within Highways England’s Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
  • Visual Management/Visual Controls Implementation Pilot: 5S in Highways Construction and Maintenance
  • Accelerating BIM adoption in the supply chain
  • Realising Social Value Within the Desgn and Delivery of Highways England Infrastructure Projects
  • Monetising Human Impacts – CLeMM final report
  • Monetising Human Impacts – CLeMM user Guide
  • Continuous Improvement in the Highways Supply Chain Benefits and Challenges
  • From Construction to Production: Enablers, Barriers and Opportunities for the Highways Supply Chain
  • Intelligent Products Overview Document
  • Intelligent Products in Highways England
• Resilience of geotechnical assets on the Strategic Road Network to severe weather events Phase 2 – Final report
• Towards Zero — Study on fatal collisions on the SRN during 2014
• Understanding and Influencing Driver Compliance
• Vehicle Roadworthiness

• Collaborative Lean Research Projects MoU 2014-15 – Final Reports:
  • Snapshot Final Report
  • Lean and SMEs
  • Principles for Appropriate Contracting
  • Visual Controls at Workface of Highway Construction and Maintenance Preliminary Report
  • Earthworks Control Automation
  • Appendix A – Research Funding Source
  • Appendix B – UK Road Transport network
  • Horizon Scanning
• Development of a reference surface for the assessment of pavement skid resistance measurement devices
• Hazardous Material in Infrastructure Construction Project Report
• M25 J5-7 Twelve Month Evaluation Report, Version 2.0 Final
• M25 J23-27 Twelve Month Evaluation Report, Version 2.0 Final
• Performance review of skid measurement devices
• Re-Validation of Speed Flow Curves Final Report Final
• Skid Support 2014:
  • Calculation of Local Equilibrium Correction Factors for the 2014 skid surveys
  • Crash model
  • Skid resistance benchmark sites report 2014 surveys
• Smart Motorways – Call Off Support publications:
  • All lane running GD04assessment report
  • All lane running generic safety report
  • Controlled motorways generic report
• Surface Treatment Options for Concrete Roads – Ultra thin surfacing systems
• Understanding the durability of high friction surfacing

• Climate Change (Carbon Reduction and Connectivity):
  • Carbon Routemap Infographic
  • Highways Agency Carbon Routemap: opportunities for a national low carbon transportation system
• Comparison of SCRIM and SKM sideway-force skid resistance devices
• Highways Agency skid resistance survey policy 2014: a review
• Infrastructure and material criticality – project findings report
• Laboratory studies investigating the use of blended PSV aggregates
• Motorways Programme Productivity Research Report – M25 Outputs
• Pothole Development Scoping Study – Final Report
• Preparing the Strategic Road Network for electric vehicles:
  • Feasibility Study – Powering electric vehicles on England’s major roads
  • Preparing the Strategic Road Network for electric vehicles
• Preventing entry to the Strategic Road Network
• Scoping Study Report for Monitoring of the First Managed Motorways – All Lane Running
• Thin surfacing performance review (2013): Final Report
• Understanding the origins and traceability of key materials used on the strategic road network
• Use of MS4 Variable Signs and Signals to Display Signs for Advance Warning of Road Works

• 515681 Information for Managing Safety on the Highways Agency Network 2009 Issue 1
• All Lanes Running (ALR) Alternative Temporary Traffic Management techniques Simulation studies
• Alternative Legends for Close Following
• Brine Spreading Trials Final Report
• Carbon data analysis and verification findings report
• Collaborative Planning and BIM
  • Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Lean and BIM on an Infrastructure Project
  • Collaborative Planning & BIM – M4 M5 VisiLean Implementation Report
• Cooperative Vehicle Highway Systems Advice Project Report
• Defining Enforcement Technology for Managed Motorways ALR
  • Approach to Trial of Multi Function Enforcement Equipment
  • Enforcement Technology Road Map
• Detection of changes in pavement texture condition using high resolution 3D surface measurements – Research into pavement surface disintegration
• Development of the Measurement of Injury Risk (MIRi) Index Report
• Economics of climate change adaptation and risks
• Effectiveness of Close Following Deterrents
• Effectiveness of Preservatives on Asphalt Mixtures Project Report
• Extreme Cold Treatments Report
• Future Managed Motorways Concept Development – Simulation Studies
  • Future Managed Motorways Concept Development– Task 1 Design Comparison Final Report
  • Future Managed Motorways Concept Development Task 2 Design Assurance Final Report
  • Future manage Motorways Concept Development Task 3 Synthesis Study Final Report
  • Future Managed Motorways Concept Development Additional Task – ADS Obscuration Final Report
• HA Road Lighting Control System Phase 1 Project Report
• Highways Agency State of the Network Construction Report Waste Data
• Highways Agency Sustainability Leadership Assessment
• Impact of roads on wellbeing
  • Impact of roads on wellbeing – consultation document
  • Impact of roads on wellbeing – Methodology for Health, Stress and Anxiety
  • Impact of roads on wellbeing – Methodology for Consideration of Life Satisfacton
  • Impact of roads on wellbeing – Methodology for Consideration of Safety and Security
• Implementing Lean in construction
  • Lean tools and techniques – an introduction
  • Overview of CIRIA’s guides and a brief introduction to Lean
  • Lean and the Sustainability Agenda
  • A Lean guide for client organisations
  • Lean Benefits Realisation Management
  • Lean Construction and BIM
  • Selecting and Working with a Lean Consultant
• In Vehicle Traffic Management – The Trial – Summary Report
• Managed Motorways – All lane running
  • Interim Advice Note (IAN) 161/13
  • Managed Motorways – All lane running – Hazard elimination schedule
  • Managed Motorways – All lane running – Generic safety report
  • Managed Motorways – Demonstration of meeting safety objective report
  • Managed Motorways – All lane running – Provision of adequate guidance review
  • Managed Motorways – All Lanes Running – All-Purpose Trunk Roads/Dual 3-lane Motorway Analysis and Hazard Assessment
  • Managed Motorways – All Lanes Running – Evaluation of the Provision of Refuge Areas
  • Managed Motorways – All Lanes Running – Maintenance – ERIC Assessment
• Managed Motorways Future Design
  • Interim Advice Notice (IAN) 161/12
  • Managed Motorways – All Lanes Running – Designers Risk Assessment
  • Managed Motorways – All LanesRunning – Generic Safety Report
  • Managed Motorways – All Lanes Running – Demonstration of Meeting Safety Objective Report
• Monitoring of Emergency Refuge Areas (ERAs) Final Report
• Optical Spectroscopy of Binder Condition at Traffic Speed – Final Report
• Optimum Interventions for Thin Surfacing
• Reducing Cost of Road Lighting Implementation Paper
• Reduced Energy Lighting – White Light Sources
  • 10 Month Monitoring Report
  • ISD Lessons Learnt Report
  • ORD Lessons Learnt Report
  • WLC Assessment Version 3.0
• Sign Size Design Review of TTM Signs
• Surface Treatment Options for Concrete Roads
• Traffic Officer Vehicle Conspicuity Final Report
• Treatment Matrix Review Final Report
• Use of high-resolution 3-D surface data to monitor change over time on pavement surfaces
• Water Use in the Supply Chain
  • Water Use in the Supply Chain — Short Summary
  • Water Use in the Supply Chain

• 515681 Information for Managing Safety on the Highways Agency Network 2009 Issue 1
• Acoustic durability of timber noise barriers:
  • The acoustic durability of timber noise barriers on England’s strategic road network
  • Annex to - The acoustic durability of timber noise barriers on England’s strategic road network
• A Review of Bat Mitigation in Relation to Highway Severance (Highways Agency 2011)
• A Risk-based framework for geotechnical asset management - phase 2 report
• Asphalt Preservatives Report
• Brine Spreading Trials Final Report
• Conemaster Report
• Control Room Human Factors Review - Guidance Document
• Cooperative Vehicle Highway Systems Implications for the Highways Agency
• Deformation of Thin Surfacing Report
• De-icing materials and corrosion
  • De-icing Materials and Corrosion - Laboratory Testing Report
  • De-Icing Materials and Corrosion Site Trial Report
• Development of the Measurement of Injury Risk (MIRi) Index Report
• DMRB Air Quality Model Verification - A Good Practice Guide
• DMRB Geology Soils Scoping Report FINAL
• European Cost Comparison - Cost differences between English and Dutch Highway Construction (2009) EC Harris and TRL
• Gibson J (2010). Foresighting Project - Global approaches to managed motorways and research activities. Arup
• Grooved Concrete & Skid Resistance
  • Sanders P D, Viner H (2010). Frictional properties of longitudinally diamond ground concrete on the A12 Chelmsford bypass. TRL. Wokingham
  • Sanders P D, Viner H, Chandler J (2010). Surface properties of longitudinally diamond ground concrete — Interim report. TRL. Wokingham
• HA Water Footprinting Report
• Highways Agency State of the Network Construction Report Waste Data
• Improving Stability of Emergency Traffic Management Signs
• Incident Management on Managed Motorways Report
• Inundation on pavements report
• Lean benchmarking of Highways Agency supply chian (2011). Mott McDonald
• Long term trends in emissions and air pollution (2007-2010):
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2007
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2008 volume I
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2008 volume II
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2009 volume I
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2009 volume II
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2010 volume I
  • The Highways Agency roadside air pollution monitoring network report - 2010 volume II
  • M60 hourly 2007 data
  • M60 hourly 2008 data
  • M60 hourly 2009 data
  • M60 hourly 2010 data
  • M4 Theale site 2 2007 data
  • M4 Theale site 2 2008 data
  • M4 Theale site 2 2009 data
  • M4 Theale site 2 2010 data
  • M25 site B hourly 2007 data
  • M25 site B hourly 2008 data
  • M25 site B hourly 2009 data
  • M25 site B hourly 2010 data
  • Bell Common hourly 2007 data
  • Bell Common hourly 2008 data
  • Bell Common hourly 2009 data
• M42 MM Monitoring and Evaluation Three Year Safety Review (2011) Mott MacDonald
• Managed Motorways In-Vehicle Data Requirements:
  • The journey ahead: Delivering Managed Motorway information directly to in-vehicle devices Summary report. (2010). Scott Wilson, Bristol, UK. REF:511502
  • The journey ahead: Delivering Managed Motorway information directly to in-vehicle devices Analysis report. (2010). Scott Wilson, Bristol, UK. REF:511502
• Managed Motorways 2 Concept Development - Simulation Studies:
  • Managed Motorways 2 - Concept Development Tasks 2 3 4 and 5 Key Findings Report
  • Task 1 Managed Motorways 2 Evidence and Documentation Index
• Managed Motorway Ground Investigation Process Improvement Presentation
• Managed Motorways - Additional Simulation Studies:
  • Full Time Through Junction Running with Designated Green Lane Simulation Study
  • Full Time Through Junction Running Simulation Study
• MTTV Final Report
• Optimization of Thin Asphalt Layers Report
• Performance of quieter surfaces over time
• Reduced Energy Lighting - White Light Sources:
  • 10 Month Monitoring Report
  • ORD Lessons Learnt Report
  • ISD Lessons Learnt Report
  • WLC Assessment Version 3.0
• Review of Traffic Officer Service Crewing Levels Reports
  • Variable Crewing Implementation Study
  • Test Design for Single Crew Traffic Officers
  • Review of Crewing Levels Report
• Risk Approach to Prioritising Maintenance - Risk Factors for Value Management Report
• Road accidents involving deer
  • Monitoring reported deer road casualties and related accidents in England to 2010 Report
  • National Deer-Vehicle Collisions Project England (2003 - 2005). The deer initiative. (2007) Ref Y204282
  • Deer and Existing Structures Final report (Y204282)
• Road Worker Conspicuity:
  • Road Worker Conspicuity - Briefing Note
  • Helman S and Palmer M (2010). Road Worker Conspicuity - Daytime and Nigh Time. TRL. Wokingham
• Rock slope hazard assessment. (2010). Mott MacDonald, Bristol, UK. Ref: 652(666)MTSC
• Single Crew Test Design Main Report:
  • Single Crew Test Design Main Report
  • Single Crew Test Design - Appendices
• Simplification of Temporary Traffic Management Signage
  • Driver Interaction with Temporary Traffic Management Report
  • Driver Interaction with Temporary Traffic Management Phase 1 Project Report
  • Driver Interaction with Temporary Traffic Management Phase 2 Project Report
  • Safety Argument for Changes to Temporary Traffic Management Sign Sizes Report
• Speciman Monitoring Final Phase
  • Speciman Monitoring - Cast-in Corrosion Inhibitors Report
  • Speciman Monitoring - Light Weight Aggregate Concrete Report
  • Speciman Monitoring - Recycled Concrete Report
• Speed compliance in overnight road works report
• Sustainable Construction, Maintenance and Operations Reports
  • Sustainable Construction Literature Review
  • Summary of Sustainable Construction Review
  • Review of DMRB
  • Implementing and Environmental Assessment Approach
  • A Review of Sustainable Procurement Initiatives
  • Understanding Resource Use and Waste Generation within the Network: A Mass Balance Approach
  • Reporting and Performance - Review of HA and SP Tools
  • An Overview of HA Cost Benefit Processes and Sustainability
  • Environmental Sustainability in Value Management for Highway Maintenance Schemes
  • Identifying Resource Efficiency Indicator Mechanisms for the HA
  • Exploring Resource Efficiency Measurement Methods on HA Schemes
  • Case Study: Construction of the A30 Bodmin
  • Case Study: Construction of the A590 High
  • Case Study: Construction of the M40
  • Case Study: Construction of the M60 Junction
• Traffic Officer Service - Specialist Human Behaviour Evaluation of Single Crewing Deployment:
  • Feasibility Report - Test B
  • Feasibility Report Appendices - Test B
• Use of New Materials to Reduce Traffic Sign Lighting Report
• Variable Crewing Research and Policy Feasibility Report:
  • Variable Crewing Research and Policy Feasibility Report
  • Variable Crewing Research and Policy Feasibility Report - Appendices

Pre 2009 archive

• Road Safety Audit Newsletter - April to June 2024
• Road Safety Audit Newsletter - January to March 2024
• Road Safety Audit Newsletter - October to December 2023
• Road Safety Audit Newsletter - July to September 2023
• Road Safety Audit Newsletter - January to June 2023
• Quarterly review October-December 2022
• Road Safety Audit - July to Sept 2022
• Quarterly review April-June 2022
• Quarterly Review - January to March 2022
• Quarterly Review - October to December 2021
• Quarterly Review - July to September 2021
• Quarterly Review - April to June 2021
• Quarterly Review - January to March 2021
• Road Safety Audit Quarterly Review - October to December 2020
• Quarterly reports July - Sept 2020
• Road Safety Audit Bi - Annual Review Jan - June 2020
• Quarterly report October 2019 – December 2019
• Quarterly report July 2019 – September 2019
• Quarterly report April 2019 – June 2019
• Quarterly report January 2019 – March 2019
• Quarterly factsheet – October 2018 – December 2018
• Quarterly report October 2018 – December 2018
• Quarterly report July 2018 – September 2018
• Quarterly reports April 2018 – June 2018
• Quarterly reports January 2018 – March 2018
• Quarterly reporting and factsheets guidance notes 2017
• Quarterly reports October 2017 – December 2017
• Quarterly reports July 2017 – September 2017
• Quarterly reports April 2017 – June 2017
• Quarterly reports January 2017 – March 2017
• Quarterly reports October 2016 – December 2016
• Quarterly reports July 2016 – September 2016
• Quarterly reports April 2016 – June 2016
• Quarterly reports January 2016 – March 2016
• Quarterly Rrport October 2015 to December 2015
• Quarterly factsheet – July 2015 to September 2015 (Rev. 3)
• Quarterly report and guidance notes – July 2015 to September 2015